How Does Medication For ADHD Work? Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed ADHD drugs. They boost the levels brain chemicals, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. These include methylphenidate, amphetamines and dextroamphetamines (Adderall) and lisdexafetamine, (Vyvanse). Doctors often prescribe these in long-release forms that last six to eight hours or more.